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Datasets for Education

The following datasets are offered as a means for teaching some of the advantages of Multilevel and Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Each of the datasets are offered in either S-PLUS format or in a format suitable for import into HLM (c.f., SPSS level structure design). Feel free to use these datasets at your leisure. The full citation for referencing these datasets would be:

Roberts, J. K. (2005, April). Datasets illustrating speicifc strengths of hierarchical linear modeling. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal.


  • All of the datasets are available below by clicking on the appropriate link. The datasets are zipped together and will need to be unzipped to be used.
  • Dataset 1 - Strength of HLM over OLS. In this dataset, users are shown that sometimes the result of an HLM analysis can be exactly the opposite from the results of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).
  • Dataset 2 - Fixed versus Random Coefficients and Level-2 Predictors. The design of this dataset is to show how adding a random coefficient to a model dramatically increases data fit even though the coefficients to the slope coefficient are not statistically significant. A level-2 predictor is also added to show the mediation of this effect.
  • Dataset 3 - Repeated Measures Trends - In this dataset, the linear trend in the HLM repeated measures model is illustrated through 10 measurement occasions nested inside 10 individuals. This dataset illustrates the linear treand and shows how different rates of growth can be mediated by second-level covariates added to the model. Coming Soon.
  • Dataset 4 - 3-Level Models - This dataset illustrates how neglecting to consider an additional level in a model could potentially lead to a misinterpretation of the data. In this case, the addition of a third level shows that responses at the classroom level (level-2) are actually a by-product of the school from which they are drawn. Coming Soon